Belled concrete piers
Pressed Concrete Pilings
Pressed Concrete Pilings are the most commonly advertised repair method in use in the DFW area. Pre-cast concrete segments are cheaper than steel. Installation time is shorter than poured pilings because the concrete has already been cured. Sometimes a steel leader is used to achieve greater depth. Installation time is comparable to that of steel piers.
Many contractors do not water inject, achieving a depth of 8-10 feet with the shortest possible installation time and least expense. Water injection achieves greater depth and stability. 12 feet is the minimum depth needed to minimize movement due to seasonal moisture changes.
Installation depth is dependent upon the available drive force. Installation of pre-cast concrete is impeded by surface friction and end bearing resistance. At a diameter of 6 inches, a concrete piling requires four times the installation pressure of steel. Cost of material is less than that of steel. Concrete installation seldom reaches bedrock.
After the concrete is pressed, the foundation is leveled using steel shims.
Poured Concrete Piers
Poured concrete piers are best used for new construction, when they can be drilled to a depth of 20-30 feet. A bell adds end bearing surface area to increase load capacity. For residential repair, the piers are typically drilled to a depth of eight to ten feet. At ten feet the piers are subject to movement due to seasonal moisture change. Cure time before foundation leveling is 7-10 days.
Load bearing capacity of the soil under a poured pier is not tested. Poor soil compaction / poor load bearing capacity is a leading cause of foundation problems. The pier may sink with time in poorly compacted soils and normally carries a shorter warranty period than any other pier method.